Teaching with Technology Theory

		Teaching with Technology

Home Course Materials Teacher Resources Technology Training Research & Assessment Digital Storytelling		A computer terminal ... is an interface where the mind and body can connect with the universe and move bits of it about. - Douglas Adams, Author -

Assessment Education Resources Online Evaluating Internet Resources General Research Resources Teaching/Learning with Technology Theory		Why Teach With Technology Specialists in learning with technology have considered theoretical models from the fields of education, communication, instructional design, and media theory. Education Theory In considering how learners learn, educators have studied the work of Jean Piaget, Benjamin Bloom, and Howard Gardner. Learning styles research flows from Gardner's work and the major contributors include Hill, Kolb, Dunn & Dunn, Grasha-Reichman, and Gregorc. Piaget's Developmental Stages of Intellectual Development Jean Piaget was a Swiss psychologist whose Stages of Cognitive Development were influential in the fields of psychology and education. Sensorimotor Stage - Birth to 2 Years experience environment using senses and motor abilities Preoperational Stage - 2 to 7 Years concrete learning, although children begin to use symbols to represent objects Concrete Operational Stage - 7 to 11 Years logical thinking begins Formal Operational Stage - 11 Years and Older increased ability to think abstractly Bloom's Learning Domains and Taxonomy Bloom's Taxonomy provides a structure for looking at the various levels of learning and terms to use when devising student learning outcomes. Bloom's Learning Domains describe the following areas of learning: Cognitive knowledge Affective attitude Psychomotor physical skills Bloom's Taxonomy Knowledge: arrange, define, duplicate, label, list, memorize, name, order, recognize, relate, recall, repeat, reproduce, state. Comprehension: classify, describe, discuss, explain, express, identify, indicate, locate, recognize, report, restate, review, select, translate. Application: apply, choose, demonstrate, dramatize, employ, illustrate, interpret, operate, practice, schedule, sketch, solve, use, write. Analysis: analyze, appraise, calculate, categorize, compare, contrast, criticize, differentiate, discriminate, distinguish, examine, experiment, question, test. Synthesis: arrange, assemble, collect, compose, construct, create, design, develop, formulate, manage, organize, plan, prepare, propose, set up, write. Evaluation: appraise, argue, assess, attach, choose, compare, defend, estimate, judge, predict, rate, core, select, support, value, evaluate. Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences include eight human intelligences, although traditional education tends to focus on the first two. Howard Gardner is still writing about his theory. He discusses his research in Multiple Intelligences After Twenty Years. Linguistic/Verbal the ability to read, write, and communicate with words Logical/Mathematical the ability to look for patterns, reason, and think logically Visual/Spatial the ability to think in pictures and visualize results Musical the ability to compose music, sing, and to learn using rhythm Bodily/Kinesthetic the ability to use one's body to problem solve Interpersonal the ability to use social skills and communication skills to empathize with and understand others Intrapersonal the ability to reflect on and analyze problems independently Naturalist the ability to make environmental distinctions Communication Theory Taxonomy of Digital Noesis by Dr. Kathryn A. Marold Framework for the effect that digitality has on our thinking or knowing Taxonomy developed from a human communication perspective Five Stages of Complex Cognition for the Digital Noetic Symbol Representation Simultaneous multimedia Text, audio, graphics, animation, and video Organization Nonlinear Student can choose how to explore material Web site can be organized for use as a resource, in addition to a learning guide Hypertext Not confined to instructor authored text From lecture to interactive learning in one click Polythetic Association Linked by association Instructor or student selected resources linked together via a web site Interactive Joint exploration of course content Mind mapping Nets Transformation Virtual reality Simulation Participatory Student engaged in learning Multiple threads of discourse Less rehearsal, test while expressing Student can experiment virtually with different consequences than other types of simulations Retrieval Nonlinear search Instant Retrieval Unlimited Capacity Ease of revision of course materials Paperless Digital Media Theory Interactive Excellence In Interactive Excellence, Edwin Schlossberg writes about museums, art, and audiences. His ideas can be applied to learning in an educational setting. Edwin Schlossberg Incorporated, ESI Design, is a design firm that creates public interactive and educational experiences. Educators must engage students in the conversation. It is the relationship between the message and the receiver that is crucial and the medium enhances that relationship. A truly interactive experience happens in front of the student and between members of the classroom, including the teacher. Communication focuses not on the content, but on development of the relationship between the student and the content. Play is an effective way to teach. The Electronic Word Richard A. Lanham, in The Electronic Word, gives educators some guidance about digital media. The electronic word creates both a new writing space and a new educational space. We must prepare students for a world of work that relies on the electronic word. The web is a tool of both user and creator. Preoccupation with game and play has surrounded the computer from its inception. Colorado Educational Technology Resources Center for Teaching, Learning and Technology Colorado Department of Education - Educational Technology Jared Polis Foundation - Promoting Education, Technology, and Community in Colorado Technology in Education - TIE Resources Gardner, Howard, (2003), Multiple Intelligences After Twenty Years. Lanham, Richard A., (1993), The Electronic Word: Democracy, Technology, and the Arts. Marold, Kathryn A., (1994), Constituent Elements of the Electronic Noetic. Merrill, M. David, (2001), First Principles of Instruction. Schlossberg, Edwin, (1998), Interactive Excellence: Defining and Developing New Standards for the Twenty-first Century. The Encyclopedia of Educational Technology at San Diego State University. Top Ten Reasons why Teachers use the Internet Top
		Not very long ago, and in many parts of the world even today, young people would learn skills they could use in their work throughout life. Today, in industrial countries, most people are doing jobs that did not exist when they were born. The most important skill determining a person's life pattern has already become the ability to learn new skills, to take in new concepts, to assess new situations, to deal with the unexpected. This will be increasingly true in the future: The competitive ability is the ability to learn. (p. vii) - Seymour Papert - Lego Chair for Learning Research, MIT